Potatoes are a staple in many diets around the world. They are versatile, delicious, and can be prepared in numerous ways. But one question that often arises is, can you eat raw potatoes? The short answer is yes, you can, but our Test Kitchen strongly advises against it, especially in large quantities.

Raw potatoes contain solanine, a toxic compound that is part of the plant's natural defense mechanism against pests. Solanine is found in the skin and sprouts of potatoes, and in higher concentrations in green - tinged potatoes. Consuming too much solanine can lead to a variety of unpleasant symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, it can even affect the nervous system. Although the amount of solanine in a normal, healthy potato is usually low, it's still a risk, and the body has a harder time digesting raw potatoes due to their high starch content.

Now, what about raw sweet potatoes? Sweet potatoes are a different story. They are generally safer to eat raw. They are rich in vitamins A, C, and B6, as well as dietary fiber. However, raw sweet potatoes can be hard to chew and digest, and their taste might not be as appealing as when they are cooked. The texture is often tough and starchy, and cooking them helps to break down the starches, making them sweeter and easier to consume.

Since cooking is clearly the best option for both regular potatoes and sweet potatoes, how do you know when they are cooked enough to eat? Here are two useful tips:

1. The Fork Test
This is one of the simplest and most reliable methods. Insert a fork into the thickest part of the potato. If the fork goes in easily and meets little resistance, and the potato flesh slides off the fork smoothly, then it's likely cooked. For example, when making baked potatoes, after about 45 - 60 minutes in a pre - heated oven at 400°F (200°C), use the fork test. If the fork doesn't go in easily, return the potato to the oven for a few more minutes and check again.

2. The Knife Test
Similar to the fork test, take a sharp knife and insert it into the potato. If the knife glides through the potato with ease, the potato is cooked. This method is especially useful for potatoes that are cut into smaller pieces, like when making roasted potatoes. Cut the potatoes into uniform pieces, toss them with oil, salt, and your favorite seasonings, and roast in the oven. After about 25 - 30 minutes, use the knife test to check for doneness.

There are countless potato recipes out there that showcase the versatility of this humble vegetable. From classic mashed potatoes, where you boil the potatoes until tender, then mash them with butter, milk, and seasonings, to crispy French fries, which require double - frying for that perfect texture. Potato salads are also a popular option, where cooked potatoes are combined with mayonnaise, mustard, pickles, and other ingredients for a refreshing side dish.

When using potatoes in recipes, it's important to choose the right type of potato. Russet potatoes are great for baking and making fries because they have a high starch content, which gives them a fluffy interior. Yukon Gold potatoes are ideal for mashed potatoes and potato salads as they hold their shape well when cooked and have a buttery flavor. Red potatoes are often used in soups and stews because they have a waxy texture and don't fall apart easily.

In conclusion, while you can technically eat raw potatoes and sweet potatoes, cooking them is the safer and more enjoyable option. Knowing how to tell when your potatoes are cooked ensures that you get the most out of this delicious and nutritious ingredient. So the next time you're in the kitchen, armed with these tips, you can create amazing potato - based dishes with confidence.